有的時候，開了很多的視窗，想要看到所有視窗的內容，這個時候，「平鋪式視窗」就很有用了。
因為我用的是 archlinux + lxde，所以就找與 openbox 配合度好的 Pytyle 3 來試試看。
很簡單，下個指令就裝好了：
yaourt -S pytyle3-git
裝好之後，記得把配置檔 copy 到 ~/.config/pytyle3：
mkdir ~/.config/pytyle3
cp /etc/xdg/pytyle3/*py ~/.config/pytyle3
也就只有 keybind.py 和 config.py 這 2 個檔，可以開起來看看。
在終端機中輸入：
pytyle3
預設的啟動鍵是 A-a，我試著想把它改成 W-a，但沒有成功。查看 ~/.config/pytyle3/keybind.py，可以知道有那些快速鍵，表列如下：
'A-a': 啟動平鋪(tile)
'A-u': 不再平鋪(untile)
'A-h': 減小主視窗 (decrease_master)
'A-l': 加大主視窗 (increase_master)
'A-j': tile.cmd(prev_client)
'A-k': tile.cmd(next_client)
'A-Shift-j': tile.cmd(switch_prev_client)
'A-Shift-k': (switch_next_client)
'A-comma': (remove_master)
'A-period': 增加當前視窗為主視窗(add_master)
'A-Return': 設定當前視窗為主視窗(make_master)
'A-m': 切換到主視窗(focus_master),
'A-z': 切換水平或垂直排列(cycle),
'A-q': 除錯 (debug_state)
'A-Shift-q': 離開,
很好玩的「平鋪式視窗」。不想用的時候，就把 pytyle 關掉，如此就不必裝 dwm, awesome 之類的視窗管理器。
為了要將影片轉成 ipod touch 3代，可用的格式，特別學習 ffmpeg，試了好幾天，終於找出來滿意的方法，特此記錄下來，免得忘了。
ffmpeg -i $1 -s 720x406 -vpre ipod -ac 2 -sn -y -vf subtitles=$1.srt $1.m4v
其中
-i $1 是要轉檔的檔名
-s 720x406 是轉檔後的解析度，406 = 720 * 720 / 1280，（原始檔的解析度為 1280x720）。這個一定要去計算，不然，在電視上看，畫面比例會不對，字幕可能出不來。
-vpre ipod 是為了 ipod 特別找出來的 preset，設定如後。
--ac 2 是轉成立體聲，不然 ipod touch 沒辦法播放。
--sn 不顯示原始檔中的字幕。因為，我要用另外的字幕檔。
--vf subtitles 為字幕檔。
preset 可以放在 ~/.ffmpeg，檔名為 arg.ffpreset，例如，我設定了一個專門轉到 ipod touch 的 preset 檔，命名為 ipod.ffpreset。
strict=-2
vcodec=libx264
vprofile=baseline
level=30
maxrate=10000000
bufsize=10000000
#preset=fast
preset=slower
crf=19
bf=0
refs=1
ab=192k
這個很少用到，在 linux 中，就找到 aegisub 是可用的，那就拿來用了，沒有什麼特別的考慮。
為了要把 mkv 中的字幕，轉成繁體。使用以下三道指令即可：
ffmpeg -i $1.mkv -vn -an -scodec copy $1.ssa
opencc -i $1.ssa -o o.ssa
ffmpeg -i $1 -s 720x406 -vpre ipod -ac 2 -sn -y -vf ass=$1.ssa $1.m4v
Hyper fast Audio and Video encoder
usage: ffmpeg [options] [[infile options] -i infile]... {[outfile options] outfile}...
Getting help:
-h -- print basic options
-h long -- print more options
-h full -- print all options (including all format and codec specific options, very long)
See man ffmpeg for detailed description of the options.
Print help / information / capabilities:
-L show license
-h topic show help
-? topic show help
-help topic show help
--help topic show help
-version show version
-formats show available formats
-codecs show available codecs
-decoders show available decoders
-encoders show available encoders
-bsfs show available bit stream filters
-protocols show available protocols
-filters show available filters
-pix_fmts show available pixel formats
-layouts show standard channel layouts
-sample_fmts show available audio sample formats
Global options (affect whole program instead of just one file:
-loglevel loglevel set libav* logging level
-v loglevel set libav* logging level
-report generate a report
-max_alloc bytes set maximum size of a single allocated block
-y overwrite output files
-n do not overwrite output files
-stats print progress report during encoding
-bits_per_raw_sample number set the number of bits per raw sample
-croptop size Removed, use the crop filter instead
-cropbottom size Removed, use the crop filter instead
-cropleft size Removed, use the crop filter instead
-cropright size Removed, use the crop filter instead
-padtop size Removed, use the pad filter instead
-padbottom size Removed, use the pad filter instead
-padleft size Removed, use the pad filter instead
-padright size Removed, use the pad filter instead
-padcolor color Removed, use the pad filter instead
-vol volume change audio volume (256=normal)
Per-file main options:
-f fmt force format
-c codec codec name
-codec codec codec name
-pre preset preset name
-map_metadata outfile[,metadata]:infile[,metadata] set metadata information of outfile from infile
-t duration record or transcode "duration" seconds of audio/video
-fs limit_size set the limit file size in bytes
-ss time_off set the start time offset
-timestamp time set the recording timestamp ('now' to set the current time)
-metadata string=string add metadata
-target type specify target file type ("vcd", "svcd", "dvd", "dv", "dv50", "pal-vcd", "ntsc-svcd", ...)
-frames number set the number of frames to record
-filter filter_list set stream filterchain
-reinit_filter reinit filtergraph on input parameter changes
Video options:
-vframes number set the number of video frames to record
-r rate set frame rate (Hz value, fraction or abbreviation)
-s size set frame size (WxH or abbreviation)
-aspect aspect set aspect ratio (4:3, 16:9 or 1.3333, 1.7777)
-bits_per_raw_sample number set the number of bits per raw sample
-croptop size Removed, use the crop filter instead
-cropbottom size Removed, use the crop filter instead
-cropleft size Removed, use the crop filter instead
-cropright size Removed, use the crop filter instead
-padtop size Removed, use the pad filter instead
-padbottom size Removed, use the pad filter instead
-padleft size Removed, use the pad filter instead
-padright size Removed, use the pad filter instead
-padcolor color Removed, use the pad filter instead
-vn disable video
-vcodec codec force video codec ('copy' to copy stream)
-timecode hh:mm:ss[:;.]ff set initial TimeCode value.
-pass n select the pass number (1 to 3)
-vf filter list video filters
-b bitrate video bitrate (please use -b:v)
-dn disable data
Audio options:
-aframes number set the number of audio frames to record
-aq quality set audio quality (codec-specific)
-ar rate set audio sampling rate (in Hz)
-ac channels set number of audio channels
-an disable audio
-acodec codec force audio codec ('copy' to copy stream)
-vol volume change audio volume (256=normal)
-af filter list audio filters
Subtitle options:
-s size set frame size (WxH or abbreviation)
-sn disable subtitle
-scodec codec force subtitle codec ('copy' to copy stream)
-stag fourcc/tag force subtitle tag/fourcc
-fix_sub_duration fix subtitles duration
-spre preset set the subtitle options to the indicated preset
假設video.avi有一個視頻軌、兩個音頻軌，取其中的視頻軌和第二個音頻軌加sub.ass做成video.mkv而不重新編碼：
ffmpeg -i video.avi -i sub.ass -map 0:0 -map 0:2 -map 1 -c:a copy -c:v copy -c:s copy video.mkv
如果要重新編碼（字幕合成到視頻圖像）：
ffmpeg -i video.avi -map 0:0 -map 0:2 -c:a copy -c:v <視頻編碼庫，比如libx264> -vf ass=sub.ass video.mkv
conky 主要的功能是在桌面上顯示系統資訊，當然也可以顯示其他有趣的資訊。先安裝吧：
$ yaourt -S conky conkywx
說明文件在這裡。
安裝後，就要設定配置檔。google 一下，滿坑滿谷的 screenshot 和 config，只要有想象力，時間，在加上一些耐性，一定可以作出符合自己需要的桌面。
預設的配置檔是放在 $HOME/.conkyrc。在 /etc/conky/conky.conf 這裡有個範例，不過，應該不會有人不改就套用吧。
我是把配置檔放在 ~/.conkyrc，方便未來備份。配置檔很長，放在本文的最後。
conkywx是用來顯示天氣狀況。至少需要兩個檔案：
在 .conkyrc 中用下面的方法連接過去。
template0 "/usr/bin/conkywx"
template1 "/home/mario/.config/conkywx/conkywx.conf"
template2 "/home/mario/.config/conkywx/wx-wu-font-slim-template.sh"
${execpi 7200 ${template0} -c ${template1} -t ${template2}}
conkywx.conf 中設定以下 2 個參數
就可以看到松山機場的天氣狀況。其他的地方如下：
TAIWAN 27-DEC-01
TAIPEI TAOYUAN RCTP 46686 25 04N 121 13E 33 X T 6 TWMAZU RCFG 46689 26 10N 119 55E 91 X T 7 TW
SUNGSHAN/TAIPEI RCSS 46696 25 04N 121 32E 6 X T 6 TW
TAOYUAN AB RCGM 46697 25 04N 121 13E 45 X 7 TW
DONGSHI RCNO 46730 23 16N 119 40E 45 X 7 TW
MAKUNG AB RCQC 46734 23 34N 119 37E 31 X 7 TW
CHINMEM/SHATOU RCBS 46736 24 25N 118 22E 9 X T 6 TW
PA KUEI/BAKUAI RCUK 46738 24 55N 121 17E 141 X 7 TW
KAOHSIUNG INTL RCKH 46740 22 34N 120 20E 9 X T 6 TW
TAINAN TW-AFB RCNN 46743 22 56N 120 12E 19 X 7 TW
KANGSHAN TW-AFB RCAY 46745 22 46N 120 16E 10 X 7 TW
CHIAYI TW-AFB RCKU 46746 23 28N 120 22E 25 X 7 TW
DONGGANG RCMJ 46747 22 28N 120 25E 8 X 7 TW
PINGTUNG SOUTH RCDC 46750 22 40N 120 28E 24 X 7 TW
TAICHUNG TW-AFB RCLG 46751 24 10N 120 39E 112 X 7 TW
HENGCHUN RCKW 46752 21 55N 120 49E 13 X T 7 TW
HSINCHU TW-AFB RCPO 46756 24 49N 120 55E 8 X 7 TW
PINGTUNG N AFB RCSQ 46758 22 41N 120 28E 29 X 7 TW
CHIHHANG TW-AFB RCQS 46760 22 48N 121 10E 37 X 7 TW
LAN YU RCLY 46762 22 01N 121 32E 325 X T 6 TW
HUALIEN AB RCYU 46763 24 01N 121 37E 16 X 7 TW
ILAN RCMS 46764 24 45N 121 46E 9 X 7 TW
WUCHIA OBSERVATO RCMQ 46770 24 16N 120 37E 5 X 7 TW
CHIA TUNG RCFS 46772 22 25N 120 32E 20 X 7 TW
DONGSHA/PRATAS RCLM 46810 20 40N 116 43E 6 X 7 TW
以下是我的 template 檔，和 .conkyrc 的寫法很接近，只是多了一些新的變數：
${voffset 10}${font DroidSans:bold:size=14}天氣 ${font}${alignc}[SN] [LU] ${hr 2}${font}
${voffset 15}${goto 35}${font ConkyWeather:size=64}[PIF]${font}
${voffset -70}${goto 120}${font DejaVu Sans Mono:style=Bold:size=20}[PT]${font}
${goto 120}[CT]
${goto 120}Feels like: [FL]
${goto 120}${color3}UV: [UV] - [UVT]
${voffset 5}${goto 25}[D2D]${goto 75}[D3D]${goto 125}[D4D]${goto 175}[D5D]
${voffset 1}${goto 25}${font ConkyWeather:size=30}[D2F]${goto 75}[D3F]${goto 120}[D4F]${goto 175}[D5F]${font}
${voffset 3}${goto 25}[D2T]${goto 75}[D3T]${goto 125}[D4T]${goto 175}[D5T]${font}
${voffset 3}${goto 35}[D2P]${goto 85}[D3P]${goto 135}[D4P]${goto 185}[D5P]${font}${color}
上面的 [SN]、[LU]、[PT] 等等，就要看這個說明。
以下是我的 .conkyrc 檔：
# .conkyrc by fabsh <fabsh@lamerk.org>
# Based on ideas and code from the CunchBang Linux forums at http://crunchbanglinux.org
# v. 1.0
# Use Xft?
use_xft yes
xftfont DroidSans:size=12
#xftfont DejaVu Sans:size=12
xftalpha 0.8
text_buffer_size 2048
# Update interval in seconds
update_interval 1
# This is the number of times Conky will update before quitting.
# Set to zero to run forever.
total_run_times 0
own_window yes
#own_window_transparent yes
#own_window_type override
#own_window_type desktop
#own_window_type normal #use this if you want a nice shadow to appear around conky
# If own_window is yes, these window manager hints may be used #設置conky為沒有邊框等等。
own_window_hints undecorated,below,sticky,skip_taskbar,skip_pager
##################################
# 半透明
# yaourt -S compton-git
##################################
#own_window_class Conky
own_window yes
#設置conky的窗口屬性 desktop/NORMAL
own_window_type normal #use this if you want a nice shadow to appear around conky
#設置conky的默認背景色
own_window_colour 222222
#很重要，只有啟用argb才能透明，但是如果窗口屬性如果設置為override，可能無法生效
own_window_argb_visual yes
#設置透明的alpha值0-255，0為透明，255不透明
own_window_argb_value 10
#如果啟用own_window_transparent，窗口完全透明，alpha值不起作用
own_window_transparent no #yes
##################################
# Use double buffering (reduces flicker, may not work for everyone)
double_buffer yes
# Minimum size of text area
#minimum_size 180 0 # 重啟才有效
maximum_width 200
# Draw shades?
draw_shades no
# Draw outlines?
draw_outline no
# Draw borders around text
draw_borders no
# Stippled borders?
stippled_borders 0
# border margins
border_margin 5
# border width
border_width 0
# Default colors and also border colors
default_color white
#default_shade_color black
#default_outline_color grey
#own_window_colour grey
#color red,green,yellow,blue,magenta,cyan,black,white.
color1 FA9E10
# 相對於螢幕，Text alignment, other possible values are commented
alignment top_right
#alignment top_left
#alignment top_middle
#alignment bottom_left
#alignment bottom_right
# Gap between borders of screen and text
# same thing as passing -x at command line
border_inner_margin 15
gap_x 30
gap_y 30
# Subtract file system buffers from used memory?
no_buffers yes
# set to yes if you want all text to be in uppercase
uppercase no
# number of cpu samples to average
# set to 1 to disable averaging
cpu_avg_samples 2
# number of net samples to average
# set to 1 to disable averaging
net_avg_samples 1
# Force UTF8? note that UTF8 support required XFT
override_utf8_locale yes
# Add spaces to keep things from moving about? This only affects certain objects.
use_spacer none
short_units yes
#########################
# 天氣： conkywx 要用的設定檔
#########################
template0 "/usr/bin/conkywx"
template1 "/home/mario/.config/conkywx/conkywx.conf"
template2 "/home/mario/.config/conkywx/wx-wu-font-slim-template.sh"
TEXT
###################################
# SYSTEM
###################################
${font DroidSans:bold:size=16}${color1}SYSTEM ${hr 2}${font}${color}
#${alignc 24}${font Arial Black:size=14}${nodename}${font}
#${alignc -8}HP Pavilion dv2500nr
#${voffset 2}${font Arial Black:style=Bold:size=12}#!${font} CrunchBang Linux ${alignr}08.10.01
${font OpenLogos:size=14}u${font} Kernel: ${alignr}${kernel}
${font StyleBats:size=14}q${font} Uptime: ${alignr}${uptime}
#${font StyleBats:size=14}A${font} CPU : ${font} ${alignr}${cpubar cpu0 8,60}
${font DroidSans:bold:size=16}CPU: ${font}${hwmon 0 temp 1}°C $alignr${freq_g 1}GHz ${cpugraph cpu0 8,60}
${font StyleBats:size=14}A${font} CPU1: ${cpu cpu1}% ${alignr}${cpubar cpu1 8,80}
${font StyleBats:size=14}A${font} CPU2: ${cpu cpu2}% ${alignr}${cpubar cpu2 8,80}
${font StyleBats:size=14}A${font} CPU3: ${cpu cpu3}% ${alignr}${cpubar cpu3 8,80}
${font StyleBats:size=14}A${font} CPU4: ${cpu cpu4}% ${alignr}${cpubar cpu4 8,80}
${font StyleBats:size=14}g${font} RAM: $mem/$memmax ${alignr}$memperc% ${membar 8,40}
${font StyleBats:size=14}j${font} SWAP: $swapperc% ${alignr}${swapbar 8,80}
${font DroidSans:bold:size=14}NAME ${goto 100}CPU% ${goto 150}${alignr}MEM%${font}
${top name 1} ${goto 100}${top cpu 1} ${goto 160}${alignr}${top mem 1}
${top name 2} ${goto 100}${top cpu 2} ${goto 160}${alignr}${top mem 2}
${top name 3} ${goto 100}${top cpu 3} ${goto 160}${alignr}${top mem 3}
${top name 4} ${goto 100}${top cpu 4} ${goto 160}${alignr}${top mem 4}
${top name 5} ${goto 100}${top cpu 5} ${goto 160}${alignr}${top mem 5}
#${font Webdings:size=14}~${font} Battery: ${battery_percent BAT0}% ${alignr}${battery_bar 8,60 BAT0}
##################################
# DATE
##################################
${font DroidSans:bold:size=16}${color1}DATE ${hr 2}${font}${color}
${voffset 3}${font DroidSans:size=18}${alignc}${time %A, %d %B %Y}${font}
${voffset 10}${font DroidSans:bold:size=24}${alignc}${time %H:%M}${font}
##################################
#WEATHER ${hr 2}
##################################
${execpi 7200 ${template0} -c ${template1} -t ${template2}}
##################################
# HD
##################################
${voffset -4}${font DroidSans:bold:size=16}${color1}HD ${hr 2}${font}${color}
${voffset 4}${font Pie charts for maps:size=14}7${font}Root: ${alignr}${fs_used /}/${fs_size /} ${fs_bar 8,60 /}
##################################
# NETWORK
##################################
${font DroidSans:bold:size=16}${color1}NETWORK ${font}${alignr}${addrs ppp0}${color}
${voffset 0}${font PizzaDude Bullets:size=14}O${font} Up: ${upspeed eth0}${alignr}${upspeedgraph eth0 8,60 black black}
${voffset 4}${font PizzaDude Bullets:size=14}U${font} Down: ${downspeed eth0}${alignr}${downspeedgraph eth0 8,60 black black}
${voffset 4}${font PizzaDude Bullets:size=14}N${font} Upload: ${alignr}${totalup eth0}
${voffset 4}${font PizzaDude Bullets:size=14}T${font} Download: ${alignr}${totaldown eth0}
##################################
# MPD
##################################
${if_mpd_playing}
${font DroidSans:bold:size=16}${color1}MPD${font} ${alignr}${mpd_vol} ${mpd_bar 2,100} ${mpd_length}${color}
${voffset 4}${mpd_album}
${voffset 4}${mpd_artist}
${voffset 4}${mpd_title}
${endif}
顏色有 red,green,yellow,blue,magenta,cyan,black,white。
也可以設定數值，如下
# 夢幻的橘色
color1 FA9E10
boot 時，發現 k10temp 的錯誤訊息：
$ dmesg | grep k10temp
k10temp 0000:00:18.3: unreliable CPU thermal sensor; monitoring disabled
查到 Archlinux Wiki 提到：
K10Temp Module
Some K10 processors have issues with their temperature sensor. From the kernel documentation (linux-
/Documentation/hwmon/k10temp): All these processors have a sensor, but on those for Socket F or AM2+, the sensor may return inconsistent values (erratum 319). The driver will refuse to load on these revisions unless you specify the force=1 module parameter.
Due to technical reasons, the driver can detect only the mainboard's socket type, not the processor's actual capabilities. Therefore, if you are using an AM3 processor on an AM2+ mainboard, you can safely use the force=1 parameter.
On affected machines the module will report "unreliable CPU thermal sensor; monitoring disabled". If you still want to use the module you can:
# rmmod k10temp # modprobe k10temp force=1Confirm with Lm_sensors#Testing your lm_sensors that the sensor is in fact valid and reliable. If it is, you can edit /etc/modprobe.d/k10temp.conf and add:
options k10temp force=1This will allow the module to load at boot.
修改／新增 /etc/modprobe.d/k10temp.conf，重開機後，執行
$ sensors
會多看到以下的結果：
k10temp-pci-00c3
Adapter: PCI adapter
temp1: +26.2°C (high = +70.0°C)
(crit = +90.0°C, hyst = +88.0°C)
這樣算是 OK 吧。